1. What 2 main purposes can elections serve?

2. (a). Describe the SMDP and the PR electoral systems.
    (b). What countries of the 1st world use each type?
    (c). What are the advantages and disadvantages of each system?

3. What is a referendum and what is the main objection to its use?

4. (a). What are the reasons given for varying voter turnout among different nations?
    (b). What groups tend to turnout in high percentages?
    (c). What groups in low percentages?

5. What is the paradox of participation and what are the two possible solutions given by
    Shively?

6. (a). Give some short term factors affecting electoral choice.
    (b). Give some long term factors.
 
 

1. (a) Define political party.
    (b) What distinguishes a political party from an interest group?
    (c) Where did the first modern political party appear?

2. What are the four major functions that political parties provide for the political system?

3. (a) How is party organization different in the U.S. as compared to most other western
          countries?
    (b) Briefly describe the organizational structure of the British Conservative Party.

4. (a) What is Robert Michel's "Iron Law of Oligarchy"?
    (b) What two factors might modify the operation of the Iron Law of Oligarchy?

5. What are the six sources of party finance mentioned in Shively?

6. Briefly describe a one party system, a dominant party system, a two party system, and a
    multiparty system.

7. (a) What percent of the Soviet population belonged to the Communist Party?
    (b) What is the name of the party that dominates Mexican politics?

8. Define interest group. What are some of the problems with interest groups? What is the problem with "collective goods"?

9. List four types of interest groups.

10. List the various tactics used by interest groups.

11. Describe pluralism. Describe neo-corporatism. What are the strengths and weaknesses of
      each?