ultra-short acting, longer, and very long classes

• drugs that belong in each class (Amobarbital, Mephobarbital, Phenobarbital, Thiopental) (133-134)
• their properties (including half-life and time required for sleep induction) (133-134)

nonbarbiturate sedative hypnotics (properties and clinical use)

• Methaqualone (138)
• Meprobamate (138)
• Chloral hydrate (138-139)
• Paraldehyde (139)

general anesthetics

general anesthesia (139)
mechanism of general anesthetic action (139-140)
properties of GHB (142)

anti-epileptic drugs

two mechanisms for seizure suppression

• limiting discharge (142)
• facilitating GABA-mediated inhibition (143)

specific drug properties and use in both epilepsy and psychological disorders:

• Felbamate (144-145)
• Gabapentin (145)
• Lamotrigine (145)
• Barbiturates (147)
• Phenytoin (147)
• Benzodiazepines (147)
• Carbamazepine (147)
• Valproic acid (147)
• Tiagabine (148)
• Epalons (148)
   

contraindications of anxiolytic drugs for children, adolescents, and elderly (155)

benzodiazepines

• action on the amygdala (156)
• binding site (156)
• difference in rate of metabolism (157-158)
• effect on GABA site (161)
• time required for the elderly to eliminate diazepam (161)
• problem with short-acting drugs administered before bedtime (164)

Buspirone (BuSpar)

• unique binding site (169)
• unique effects (169-170)

role of amygdala in anxiety (156)

drugs

• antidepressant drugs for long-term treatment (154-155)
• Ambien (zolpidem) (166-167)
• Buspirone (BuSpar) (169-170)
• Flumazenil (Romazicon) (165-166)

maximum length of time benzodiazepines should be prescribed to avoid dependency (154)

recommended drugs for

• chronic anxiety (155)
• anxiety disorders in children/adolescents (155)
• insomnia (154)
• panic disorder/phobia (155, 163)
• post traumatic stress syndrome (155)

site where second-generation anxiolytics work (169)

Summarize the risks of long-term anxiolytic use. Address issues of tolerance, impairment, recreational abuse, and withdrawal syndrome. (164-165)

cocaine

forms of cocaine (181-182)

pharmacokinetics

absorption (182-184)

distribution (184)

metabolism and excretion (184)

mechanism of action (185)

dopaminergic actions (185-186)

serotonergic actions (187)

effects of short-term, low-dose use (187-191)

toxic and psychotic effects of long-term, high-dose use (191)

comorbidity (191-192)

pregnancy (192-195)

pharmacological treatment of cocaine dependency (195-197)

psychosocial interventions (197)
 

amphetamines and other behavioral stimulants

mechanism of action (199)

pharmacological effects (199-201)

dependence and tolerance (201-202)

ICE (202)

pharmacokinetics (202-203)

effects and toxicity (203)
 

nonamphetamine behavioral stimulants

Methylphenidate (Ritalin) (203-205)

Pemoline (Cylert) (205)

Sibutramine (Meridia) (206)

Orlistat (Xenical) (207)

Modafinil (207)
 

pharmacological treatment of ADHD

background (208-210)

treatment (210-213)

reviews of treatment efficacy (213)

Explain why "Ice" is a serious public health hazard. Why is "Ice" more dangerous than methamphetamine? (202-203)

 

caffeine

pharmacokinetics (221-222)

pharmacological effects (223-224)

caffeinism (223-224)

mechanism of action (224-226)

caffeine risk during pregnancy (226-227)

tolerance and dependence (227-228)
 

nicotine

pharmacokinetics (229-231)

pharmacological effects (231-234)

mechanism of action (234)

tolerance and dependence (234-236)

toxicity (236)

cardiovascular effects (236-237)

pulmonary effects (237-238)

cancer (238)

passive smoke effects (238-239)

effects during pregnancy (239)

therapy for nicotine dependence (240-242)

Describe nicotine replacement devices. Compare their efficacy. How might their efficacy be boosted? (240-241)