Unusual Constraints in the Quantum Statistical Mechanics of Josephson Junction Systems
In order to apply quantum statistical mechanics to systems composed of Josephson junctions, the unconventional constraint of fixed "macroscopic wave function" magnitudes on either side of a junction must be accommodated. In order to use this information, the density matrix formalism must be extended to deal directly with probability distributions over general quantum states. As a result, in thermal equilibrium, the explicit temperature dependence becomes modified from the trivial 1/kT factors.